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  	  <title><![CDATA[]]></title>
	  <link>http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com</link>
	  <description><![CDATA[ 我们是东皋摄影之友！

  在这里,我们尽情表达自我, 

    在这里,我们自由展现个性,

    在这里,我们与亲朋好友分享自己的照片,

    ……

    我们将不断将大家的照片作品放在博客里,大家共享生活精彩！

]]></description>
	  <language>zh-CN</language>
	  <pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2008 13:20:44 +0800</pubDate>
	  <lastBuildDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2008 13:20:44 +0800</lastBuildDate>
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	  <webMaster><![CDATA[老年初哥]]></webMaster>
		  <ttl>120</ttl>
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	  	<title><![CDATA[]]></title>
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	  	<link>http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com</link>
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  <item>
  	<title><![CDATA[怎样分析摄影作品]]></title>	
    <link>http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/6951277720085266550992</link>
    <description><![CDATA[<div><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">怎样分析摄影作品</SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">摄影作品的分析要点：</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">作品怎样突出主体，怎样利用陪体、前景、后景、方向、视角来表现主题；</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">作品怎样运用线条形成画面节奏，抒发感情，突出主体，表现主题；</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">摄影的光线、影调特点在哪里？</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">美术作品的夸张、变异在哪里？</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">说出自己直接感觉到的气氛、情绪，怎样说得自然、说得真切、说得让自己和老师都信服；</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">仁者见仁，智者见智。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第一、可以从内容上分析，作品拍的是什么。</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <BR></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第二、可以从当时的社会背景，联系拍摄意图，或者创作意图来分析。</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <BR></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第三、可以从画面的构成来分析，包括构图，安排等。</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <BR></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第四、可以从拍摄用光来分析。</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第五、还可以从色彩来分析，怎么搭配怎么处理等。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">摄影作品还可以从虚实处理来分析等。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 10.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">总的说起来也有一些规律可循。可以分析构图，分析造型，可以分析用光，可以分析影调色调，可以分析动态，可以分析画面中事物之间的关系</SPAN></B><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">……</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">一张摄影作品，构图是最基本的要素。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">摄影作品主要拍摄的是什么，摄影作品主要表现什么，就是摄影的主体。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">有时摄影的主体是一个人，有时是多个人，主体处于中心位置，整个画面是围绕主题来配置的。有时在群体中突出的那个人虽然不是主体，但它是整个画面的意趣中心和构建中心，起着组织画面的作用。自然环境中的物体形象也是同样道理。除了在画面中占主要位置突出主体的方式，还有一些作品用各种不同的方式来突出主体，如线条引导，虚实、光线、繁简等对比的手法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 19pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在画面中起陪衬作用，帮助表现画面的内容，丰富画面生活气息的，是画面中的陪体。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">比如劳动的对象，讲话的听者，他们都和主题有着各种不同的呼应关系。有的作品的陪体被安排在画面之外，但能使人明显地感觉到他们的存在。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在画面中主体与拍摄镜头之间的景物是画面的前景。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">前景离观看者最近。前景的利用都是有利于主体表现的，烘托、陪衬、渲染主体。前景与整个画面处于和谐的状态，不相悖、不干扰。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 19pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在主体后面衬托主体的景物是背景。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">它表达了主体事物存在的环境位置，能够深化主题，引起人们更多的联想，在背景与主体对比中突出主体。背景的选择过程中能不能注意简化背景，让背景“单纯”一些，是作者的一种追求。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">有些作品的画面中留有相当的空白，如天空、海面、森林、身影，这往往根据作品的主题和作者的创作个性不同而有不同的处理。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">摄影镜头拍摄的时候，面对被摄人或物，有三个方向，一是正面，二是侧面，三是背面。一般来说，正面表现和背面表现得不多，作为特殊手法使用时，会有特别的效果。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">平常我们自己拍摄都是以平摄为主的，但摄影时根据需要镜头常常会仰摄，俯摄，甚至垂直向下、向上拍摄人或物，不同的角度会产生不同的艺术效果。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;我们在分析摄影作品的时候，要根据具体情况，分析作品是怎样突出主体的；陪体、前景、背景是怎样帮助突出主体的；作品的方向和角度有时怎样帮助表现作品主题的。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">生活中如果我们眯起眼睛，就可能发现，生活中事物都能够抽象成为一个个线条。摄影作品画面中的形象基本要素也是线条。垂直于地面的树目、烟囱、高楼、站立的人、地平线等是直线，建筑倾斜、风吹的树枝的斜线，蜿蜒的河流、起伏的山脉的曲线，这是主要的三种线条。有些线条只是虚线状态。画面中还有一种无形线条，人的视线方向、动作方向都能形成曲、直、斜的无形线条。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我们进行作品分析的时候，要注意垂直线条、放射线条、水平线条、波状线条、弯曲线条、倾斜线条、交叉线条、圆形线条、正三角形、倒三角形给自己的感觉。看作品是怎样从生活中选择和提炼线条；怎样运用一定的线条结构来抒发感情；怎样运用一定的线条结构来形成画面的节奏；怎样突出作品主题和表现作品主题的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">能够在一张平面的摄影作品中体现出现实生活中的三维空间，是摄影作品的魅力之一，线条是表现画面深处空间的重要方式。空气中近处清晰，远处模糊，光线构成的明暗都是表现空间和物体质感的因素。分析摄影作品时不要忽略了这一点。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在某种意义上说，摄影是光的艺术，因为摄影胶片或感光的电子器件是要靠光才能记录下影像的。摄影的光线分为自然光和人工光。自然光中太阳升起和落下之前的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">度，是一个特殊的用光时段；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">度到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">度之间是摄影的正常照明时刻。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">度到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">度之间是顶光时刻，也可以运用这时光线的特别之处进行特别的创作。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">根据镜头的位置，光源在镜头后面时顺光，光源在镜头对面的是逆光或侧逆光，光源在镜头和被摄物体两侧的是侧斜光、侧光。一般情况下，不使用顺光的方式拍摄作品。侧光能富有表现力地塑造被摄体的立体形态和空间的纵深感，还能细腻地表现影纹和质感。逆光也称轮廓光、隔离光，可以表现生动的造型剪影；逆光的光效运用得当，会有许多妙不可言的艺术效果。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">光的影子也是画面中的重要因素，有些光影非常有意义。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">分析摄影作品，可以分析到光线的走向，说明光线的作用。如果光影特别，可以单独分析光影的作用。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">摄影作品中，有时对现实的表现有夸张变异的情况，有的变化还很强烈。我们可能面对各种不同流派作品，各种世界名作，各个时期的代表作品和代表人物，可能面对东西方的不同表现手法，东西方不同种类的作品。这些要靠平时的学习和积累。一般都能粗之一二，并能有自己的一些心得和分析。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">关于摄影作品的知识，不是简单内几天就能掌握的，即使是突击读几本书也未必能明白其中复杂多变的因素。不要生硬地搬弄某些专业术语，那样往往会词不达意。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">没有专业知识，并不是不能分析好摄影美术作品。没有专业知识，也可以从自己的真实感觉出发分析作品。看到那成功作品中人物的生动形象，你就说生动；看到动态很强的作品，你就说他的一种动感；看到开阔就说开阔；看到简练就说简练；看到色彩斑斓就说色彩斑斓；看到怪异就说怪异；说你感觉到的气氛、情绪、远近、凉热、幽静、热烈，甚至犹如响在耳畔的音乐、枪炮、呼喊、流水的声音……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">总之，你要说得自然、说得真切，说得别人和你自己都信服。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">对于非常专业的作品，一般人很少能适应。更何况以后将要系统地、由浅入深地进行专业训练。对于摄影已经有多年的业余爱好，并且对于摄影的知识有一些接触，那就更好了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 120%; FONT-FAMILY: ??; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">&nbsp;</P></div>]]></description>
	    <author><![CDATA[老年初哥]]></author>
	    <comments>http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/6951277720085266550992</comments>
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    <guid isPermaLink="true">http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/6951277720085266550992</guid>
    <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2008 18:05:50 +0800</pubDate>
    <dcterms:modified>2008-06-26T18:05:50+08:00</dcterms:modified>
  </item>    
  <item>
  	<title><![CDATA[照片的高调与低调]]></title>	
    <link>http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/69512777200852655916809</link>
    <description><![CDATA[<div><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">照片的高调与低调</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'">高调照片：</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高调照片是指画面几乎全部由明亮的影调构成，几乎没有阴影，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'">照片色调淡雅，画面大部分是淡色调，给人以清纯、明朗的感觉；但并不排斥采用少量的深色调，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以有极小部分的暗部，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'">恰到好处的一抹深色调往往能成为画面的视觉中心。适合表现以白色为基调的题材。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高调并不是简单的曝光过度，虽然画面明亮，但要亮得通透，明亮中要有细节。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'">拍摄时常用正面光或散射光，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">光照柔和、细腻，曝光稍过度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><STRONG><SPAN ><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">怎样拍高调照片：</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN ><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"></SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">高调照片画面上的基调绝大部分是以白和浅灰影调为主，黑灰色影调极少，整个画面的色调比较简洁明朗，高调照片分为软高调和硬高调两种：软高调画面上的影调差距很小，可以细致地表现被摄对象的层次结构；硬高调的画面影调很少，几乎只是用线条勾划出轮廓。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">拍摄时要求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">:<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 1. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">光线要柔和、匀称，一般多使用顺光，这样可获得反差平淡的效果。拍摄人像时除头发外，脸上光比不要超过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1:2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 2. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">拍摄人像时，被摄者要穿白色或浅色衣服，拍摄自然景物时也要选取浅色调的景物，主体和陪体的色调应尽量接近。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 3. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">背景要选取白色调或浅灰色调；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 4. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">曝光时，要比正确曝光略增加一点；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 5. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">使胶片摄影时，显影不宜过深</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">应选择缓慢性显影液；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、高调照片的画面影调浅淡，但其中最好要有少量黑影调以避免给人以曝光不足的感觉。另外，在黑白对比中更显出高调照片的特色。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'">低调照片：</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低调照片指照片画面几乎全部由较暗的影调构成，只有极少的亮部，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'">色调较为浓重。画面大部分是深暗色调，给人以沉稳、刚毅等感觉；但并不排斥采用少量的亮色调，画龙点睛的一抹亮色能使作品陡然生辉。拍摄时常用侧面光或逆光，适合表现以黑色为基调的题材。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低调照片画面的基调，绝大部分是以深灰、浅黑、黑色影调为主，浅色调占的位置很小。整个画面的色调比较浓重深沉。低调也分软低调和硬低调两种：软低调是以差距较小的暗影调，表现出被摄对象的丰富的层次和质感。硬低调则是以较大的光比，突出表现对象的轮廓。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低调不是简单的曝光不足，暗部表现凝重，亮部要有细节；正是通过大面积的暗来反衬、强调高光部位，使之成为整幅照片的主题，因此拍摄对象要有强烈的光比，取高光部位曝光。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">拍摄时应注意：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、软低调的画面影调低，但影调之间对比不大，它是以接近的影调和细致的影纹来表现被摄对象的层次和质感的。软低调的光比多控制在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">１</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">４</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之间。硬低调的明暗对比强烈，光比多控制在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">１</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">８</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之间。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、拍摄低调照片多使用侧光或半逆光，要选择暗背景。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、拍摄低调人像时，人物服装的色调要深。拍摄低调的自然景物时，也需要选择深色调的景物。陪体的色调也要深些，并且与主体的低调相协调。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">使胶片摄影时，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">感光要充足，以保证阴影部分有足够的层次。显影时应采用慢性显影液，可把Ｄ７６显影液加２～３倍水冲淡，再把显影时间适当延长一些。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、低调照片的整个画面影调浓重深沉，但其中最好要有白影调，这个白调即使面积很小，也能使整个画面具有生气。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">需要注意的是：数码摄影后期制作可以通过软件手段调节影调，但也需要有适合的题材，不能生搬硬套。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P></div>]]></description>
	    <author><![CDATA[老年初哥]]></author>
	    <comments>http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/69512777200852655916809</comments>
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    <guid isPermaLink="true">http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/69512777200852655916809</guid>
    <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2008 17:59:16 +0800</pubDate>
    <dcterms:modified>2008-06-26T17:59:16+08:00</dcterms:modified>
  </item>    
  <item>
  	<title><![CDATA[向大家推荐一篇好文章]]></title>	
    <link>http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/695127772008513641093</link>
    <description><![CDATA[<div><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">&nbsp;</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">于</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">影</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、了解性能是数码摄影的前提条件</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">市场上数码相机琳琅满目，五彩缤纷，可万变不离其宗，大同小异。这是一方面。另一方面，因为数码相机已经成为人们不可缺的一种生活需用品。所以，数码相机如同手机一样在日趋普及。也就是说，数码相机已成大众化。这种变革，应当是缘于电脑的普及。数码图片主要是在电脑上欣赏。在网络信息时代里，传统胶片变成网络图片，也得借助于扫描仪或数码相机的翻拍才能实现。这一系列的相互关联的高科技电子产品，成为新时代的“数码”时尚。故此，数码相机对传统摄影理念带来了变革性的“数码革命”。于是，数码摄影不仅仅是对数码相机的熟练问题，而是对一系列的数码产品都得熟练。然其，这里只涉及数码相机之如购机和性能及配件等一般问题。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">购机</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">购机乃个人消费之重大抉择，特别是对单反数码相机。因为，名牌厂商机身只能用其特定的镜头。而一体机就不同了，可以随便置换品牌，因为不需要配换镜头。但是，当你玩上单反数码相机后，对一体机的兴趣就会逐渐减弱。购机有两个重要因素是需要慎重考虑的：用途与功能，配件与传输。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用途与功能</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如今，数码相机市场，可谓日新月异，千万不必追随。商家为各自的市场份额竞争，但他们都有一个共同的目标，即不断的翻新是为你我的钱包。就拿入门级至准专业级的单反数码相机而言，譬如佳能和尼康的竞争几乎是白热化的。我们可以看看：佳能的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">400D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">350D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">300D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">40D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5D[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全画幅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；尼康的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D40</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D40x</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D70</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D70s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D80</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D100</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D200</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D300</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">D3[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全画幅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基本上是两年左右一个翻新。所以，需要我们把握住一个原则，够用就行，用好才行。说实在的，会玩的，一体机好片频频，不会玩的，即使是专业机也只能是废片一堆。不管啥说，在选购时，特别需要注意用途和功能的问题。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用途，就业余爱好而言，常用于如留影、旅游，或为自己的儿女们建立从孕育时乃至以后的图片档案，这可是十分有趣和极具意义的一件事情。或者，可随身随时记录相关的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">证据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个年代的社会生活多留点心眼会有帮助的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。如果您打算以后开个影楼什么的，那可就不同了。经验告诉我们，当您喜欢上摄影时，或当您对图片质量有所特殊要求时，您离购买单反数码相机不远了。而随后的一系列镜头，广角的，长焦的，定焦的，变焦的，微距的，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">…… “</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">想让一个人破产就给他一部相机</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的那句名言，虽然有所夸张，但也不乏哲理。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">功能，应当随用途考虑。需要注意的问题主要有三点：一是光学变焦问题。如果是一体便携机，变焦的光学倍数是需要考虑的，一般的只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍光学变焦，最好是在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6-10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右为好。有说光学倍数高图片质量差，说实在的，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元左右的价格，要求在任何情况下都能达到很理想的片质效果是不可能的，在这方面，商家比咱们聪明多了。而能在远近都能留下影像的才是我们的目的。二是微距功能问题。微距功能用途较广。如翻拍，细小文字拍照，花卉拍照等等。有的一体机在微距功能方面很优秀的，不亚于专门微距镜头。我曾用过多年的富士</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">S602</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就是一例。三是手动功能问题。当您玩上一段时间后，您会对手动设置有所需求。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">购买相机前，最好多咨询懂行的朋友，购买相机时，最好请懂行的朋友帮助选购。这里面的学问太多太复杂了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要是市场太复杂了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">配件与传输</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就配件而言，首要的是存储卡和读卡器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">购买相机时需要同时考虑的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。保存质量好些的摄影图片，需要用非压缩的格式文件保存，但需要有足够的储存空间。不过，如今</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的储存卡也就百至几百元，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上的要贵些。为了保养好您的爱机，为了不必安装联机驱动文件，为了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">您就花几十元买个读卡器吧</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般都能读许多种卡</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，既省事又方便。此外，三角架、气吹、摄影包</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">稍大些的相机</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也是需要常用的。如果您玩上数码单反，那您对数码摄影器材和摄影知识应当是有所准备和了解了。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用机</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">需用才买，买了为用。数码相机，一般按上快门就能出彩。傻瓜</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">135</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胶片相机也是一样。而要做到有模有样，那还是需要费点工夫的。如今的数码相机，即便是一体机，一般都有简单的菜单设置功能，稍好些的还配有手动的设置功能。请您务必注意：</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">性能与设置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果您对数码相机还不够了解或熟悉，最好先熟读使用说明书。即先了解和熟悉您的相机的性能，然后做些必要的设置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数码相机配有电子操作系统，属于精密电子器件，常规操作对使用寿命有关</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。需要设置和调整的有如图片质量即大小、拍摄模式选择、白平衡、感光度等的设置。这些设置对图片成像质量有很大的关系。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">片质与像素</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如今，即便是卡片数码相机，大多都能达到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">300</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万以上甚至上千万的像素</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[300</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万像素以上的才能打印出较好的相片</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这对图片成像的高质量提供了保证。基于市场上的存储卡比较便宜的情况下，建议最好选择最大文件像素和不压缩的文件保存格式。数码相机拍摄的图片，大部分需要做后期处理，商家提供的软件一般给予相应的余地即软件处理功能。专业的图片处理软件功能就更强大了。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自动与手动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前面已经谈到，购机时应当考虑具有手动功能的数码相机。当然，出厂默认设置的数码相机，无论是一体机或单反机，自动功能的效果都是不错的。但在特定情况下，其默认设置不能达到或不能满足要求，别说是创作要求就是即景要求有时也达不到。即达不到我们想要的效果。这里，也就需要手动模式来完成。这个过程，需要一个时间段的实践过程才能把握。玩摄影，不会用手动，就谈不上摄影。譬如对焦，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的就得不到点对焦的效果，或景深的效果。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<STRONG>二、善于用光是数码摄影的基本功力</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄影，乃“用光作画”。用光，需要注意光源、光位、光线和曝光等常识和技法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如在光源上，一种是自然光源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如太阳光、月亮光</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；一种是人造光源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如灯光、火光等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。其中，又有反射光源、折射光源、可见光源、不可见光源等诸种。所以，要学会充分地、巧妙地利用光源。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如在光位上，正面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从高低角度上看，有平射光、顺光和高顺光。特点是气氛清澈、色彩鲜艳、饱和度强，适合表现小孩白嫩和柔腻、少女妖艳和和美、老年精神和年轻的神态。不足之构图平淡、缺少深度等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。前侧</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即正面的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">45°</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">角左右的侧光。这是最普遍的常用光位。特点是明暗分明，影调明朗，容易造型等，比较适合人像和风光摄影</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。侧光</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般指</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">90°</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">角左右的侧光。特点是明暗线条突出，有质感和立体感，极富戏剧性画面效果等。人像摄影之常选光位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。后侧</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亦称侧逆光，特点突出于空间感，轮廓线条可以使主体与背景分离</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。逆光</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亦称背光，技法不便掌握，但常被摄影家所青睐。如果用光准确，画面效果极佳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。顶光</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即太阳午光之高位光。人像摄影忌用，但如果用好了也很有韵味</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。脚光</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亦指低位光。一般人像摄影也是忌用的，用不好变成丑画形象，但对水面之霞光等低位反射效果极富冲击力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。等等的光位光源，因为对影像影响很大，需要善于运用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如在光线上，力求注意用光线：表现物体形态</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">光反射和色对比，是物体形态轮廓的基本表现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；描绘物体细部质感和神态</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">刻画神韵、描绘质感、造型传神等，光线起到特殊的作用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；区别物体位置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">近大远小，近清远糊的成像原理形成近、中、远景致的空间感结果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；渲染现场气氛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">譬如雨点、飞雪、雾气等，需要光线表现场景，这时的逆光效果最佳，但需注意避用人造光源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。等等的物体光线表现，需要我们切身的体验和善用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如在曝光上，要求准确和精确。所有的数码相机都有自动曝光功能，特别是卡片一体机在自动曝光设置上特别优异</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尤其是近景方面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。然而，有时也让我们感到遗憾和着急，因为其设置是基于大多数情况下，而特殊的特定场景，就可能需要手动功能了，也就是正确选择快门速度、光圈、感光度，形成理想的曝光组合。数码相机给我们提供了多种的正确曝光设置选择。我常用它的一种特别方便</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测光</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">模式，即先用自动曝光模式测光</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当你半按下快门测光时该数据就显示；成像后该数据也随同显示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，依据自动测光数据再根据场景光源情况适当加减光圈、速度和感光度，并且用不同数据多拍几张</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你认为特别重要的场景图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这一部分，数码相机说明书的相关内容相对详细。功能键也相对的多，如自动曝光锁、快门钮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">锁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等很是有用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <STRONG>三、把握构图是数码摄影的内在要求</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就摄影即用光作画而言，著名画家达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">芬奇有精辟的描述：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绘画科学首先是从点开始，其次是线，再是面，最后是由表现着的形体。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">构图即构思。讲究表现力和感染力。重在突出主题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主题表达简明</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最简单地说，一幅图想表现什么和说明什么，或想暗示什么和给人什么启迪。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至于深度和含义则是提高的问题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">趣味中心突出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄影的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">趣味中心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如同美学上的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">视觉中心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，一幅图一般只有一个中心趣味点，或主次分明。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">轮廓线条形象</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">观察力强的摄者，往往视觉独特。人们时常熟视无睹的物体，有的摄影师可以表达出一种形象美感。 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄点筛选多变</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">苏东坡有诗句：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">除了角度、方向和远近，定焦和变焦镜头也有影响。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">物体形状多样</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄影师们有时围绕一个物体转悠半天，路人觉得希奇。此时，他们是在选择表达不同形态的拍摄角度和方式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">画面对比新颖</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有比较才有鉴别。譬如，虚与实、大与小、远与近、明与暗、艳与素、动与静和思想内容等，直接影响图片效果。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">节奏韵味协调</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; “</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">韵律</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">韵味</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等的表现，其节奏感表现在重复、交替、辐射、渐变等画面中。这里需要极强的体会和感受。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">色彩情感丰富</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">诗言志，画言情，摄言思。色彩影响图片的美感，同时影响观者的情绪，有时甚至涉及风俗与社会。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">艺术意境完美</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; “</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意境</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，乃传统美学概念，也即摄影构图标准。触景生情、身临其境、融为一体、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">心境碰撞与艺术美感之追求！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<STRONG> 四、掌握拍景是数码摄影的必备素养</STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>云景</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">云在四季中有其不同的表现形态。一般地说，春浮、夏层、秋鳞、冬条，云之片、条、浮、层、朵、卷、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">海</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、鳞等特点既可独立构图，也可画面陪衬。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高耸入云</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实乃形容写照。拍云景需要注意往往曝光不足的问题，同时需要注意观察和耐心等待，特别是晨霞和晚霞变化多端，所以掌握好时机也是重要的环节。我们时常遇到，有好云彩而缺美景，或有美景而缺云彩，数码摄影提供了电脑合成的极大便利。有的数码相机</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中高档</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就具有这种组合功能。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>山景</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">山川各异，千姿百态，摄影的永恒主题。其摄影特点：一是动静。光线和天气的千变万化，能让山景淋漓尽致。二是美感。要体现和反映远</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">精</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">神</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、远</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">势</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的特点，给人以赏心悦目的享受。三是选位。还是苏东坡那诗句：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尤其是一年四季的山景色味，给摄影人以无穷的遐想。春暖花开，细腻昂然；夏日当空，郁郁葱葱；秋高气爽，金黄景致；冬凉萧条，冰清玉洁。这些特点，需要注意准确用光和曝光。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<STRONG> </STRONG></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>水景</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主题丰富至极，动感耐人寻味。飞流直泻的瀑布，潺潺流水的山溪，汹涌澎湃的大海，咆哮如雷的洪水，激情壮美的浪花，诗情画意的湖泊，清澈透镜的倒影，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特别是那晨曦晚霞下的物型水影，等等的水景世界，让摄影人调动所有技能，或是加大光圈，或是放慢速度，美景尽收眼底。经验告诉我们：拍海宜用小光圈，拍浪尽量用侧光，拍瀑布快凝慢飘，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>雨景</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动人情调、深邃意境的雨景最富诗意。春雨潇潇、夏雨淙淙、秋雨绵绵、冬雨濛濛，这就是雨景摄影创作的常景素材。要创作好雨景作品，需要注意雨天光线柔弱的特点，更需要注意呈现层次分明的场景。尤其是雨点水珠无色透明的艺术效果，雨丝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">影迹</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，更具摄影创作的表现力。所以，对用光有特别要求。同时，也要保护好相机免受湿潮。如今无处不在的塑料袋是最好的即景遮挡用具。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>雪景</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">冬天的题材。拍雪景需要注意的事项，主要有如拍雪花、雪景、雪景人像等。拍摄雪花即把雪花飞舞的景象表现出来。鹅毛大雪时用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1/125</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秒可凝固情景，大风飞雪时用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1/250</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秒可体现真实动人。用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1/60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秒或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1/30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秒可记录一道道雪花动感</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宜中小雪时拍摄</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这些，在深景色时雪花才能表现清晰。拍摄雪景，宜在阳光下用侧光、侧逆光或逆光，早晚阳光雪色多彩，雪停时可表现晶莹、洁白和蓬松。拍雪景用自动曝光往往曝光不足，需要适当增加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">级左右。还须注意美的线条层次。雪景拍人像需要正确曝光，应参考脸部或手部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">男手背女手心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作为锁定测光点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>雾景</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; “</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前景重、中景巧、远景飘</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为拍摄雾景的概括。即把画面、造型、气氛的虚无缥缈本色展现出来。雾景之美主要在于游离小水滴的浸润感。雾景表现形式多样，需要善于观察角度、位置、环境、时段等的各种因素。犹如树林中阳光透视的雾罩场景特别动人。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>风景</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这里是指看不见摸不着却又能感受到的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">风</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。通过物体捕捉风的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动感</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，在摄影中是一种快感。风中的头发飘散、裙子拂动、风帆鼓满、绿草弯腰、暴风树摇、旗帜飘舞、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只要留意观察，快慢速度下的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">风</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">景也是很动人的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>夜景</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用数码相机拍摄夜景，曝光控制是关键。虽然数码相机一般都有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">夜景</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">模式设置，但往往或是模糊，或是噪点很多。专业式的夜景拍摄，有很多的讲究才能完成。就一般而言，用上三角架</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没三角架但得有射击手功夫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和大光圈是最基本的。也可用小光圈能得到星状的效果，或用运动模式也能得到相应的效果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">防颤动模糊方面有一定帮助</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。总之，大光圈锐利，小光圈朦胧。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <STRONG>五、演练题材是数码摄影的进阶过程</STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄影爱好者的题材，一般主要有如下方面。照像和摄影，对题材练习是有很有乐趣的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>家庭</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; “</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">情</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乐</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是家庭的拍摄特点。亲情与天伦之乐，是人与家庭的最重要元素。制作家庭影视相册，配上和谐音乐与背景说词，在电视机大屏幕上与家人共享，这种情调是人生中最幸福的时刻。为小孩建立成长数码相册，把老人的老照片翻拍成数码相册，这可是一份珍贵的家庭财产。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<STRONG> </STRONG></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>运动</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; “</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">美</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是运动的拍摄特点。无论是体育运动的，无论是健身运动的，已经成为人们重要的活动项目，场所很多。宜用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">快门优先</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">模式捕捉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">拍摄点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">美</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特写</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">镜头。不同的竞技主体和项目有其不同的镜头特点与要求，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">角度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动感</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是最为主要的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>民俗</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">传承与文化是民俗的拍摄特点。这是体裁最多的门类。如信仰的、服饰的、饮食的、居住的、建筑的、生产的、时令的、礼仪的等等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">侗族图片</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的主题与主体内容。这一部分我们已经在随时的讨论和赏评。往往的评图还需要加大力度，这对侗族图片的进一步提高有好处。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>花卉</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; “</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">形</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">色</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是花卉的拍摄特点。不同季节的奇花异卉的婀娜多姿，不但点缀大自然，也在点缀人们的生活。无论是木本的或草本的，它们的固有特质给摄影人提供了拍摄的基本要求，如时令性的昙花一现现象等等。因此，对画面构图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">形状与背景、光线与色彩、影调与线条等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、光影效果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不同光线下的、不同天气下的、不同人光下的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、艺术效果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">朦胧美、柔羽美等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、色彩变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">丰富多彩</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、趣味陪衬</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">晶莹露水、昆虫添趣等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、花姿意象等都有内在的要求。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>舞台</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; “</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表情</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">造型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是舞台拍摄的最大特点。如今，精神文明的提高，到处都是文化舞台，尤其是餐桌旁的敬酒表演别具一格。特别是文艺演出，光源和光位丰富多彩，正确用光和表现独特的舞台艺术，即对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摆</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抓</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的把握是十分重要的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">诸如还有动物、商业、新闻等等的题材练习，对提高我们的摄影素养是会有极大帮助的。这里不一一累列了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <STRONG>六、熟练暗房是数码摄影的综合素质</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数码暗房是数码技艺的一种表现。在数码时代，不熟练电脑操作，不熟悉常用软件，已经在逐步危及岗位甚至失业的可能。实际上，简单的图片处理，是数码技艺综合素质的基本考量。经常看到一些要求上传原图的评论，对后期处理存有不同的看法。为此，特别强调需要了解相机在成像方面的脆弱特点。胶片相机容易出现曝光过度与不足的问题，数码相机容易出现因天气原因色彩偏差的问题。往往，数码相机操作系统，对图片的后期处理是留有余地的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<STRONG> </STRONG></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>硬件</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只强调一个问题，即处理图片应当使用普通的纯平显示器比较合适，这是关系色彩纯正与否。因为，笔记本电脑或液晶显示器对处理或观看纯正色彩容易出现偏差。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<STRONG> </STRONG></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>软件</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">购买数码相机，厂商都配有软件光盘，应当安装使用，因为其软件具有相应的针对性。如尼康的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Nikon Captre 4 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Capture NX </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">版使用起来比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Photoshp</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">方便许多。当然，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Photoshp</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">专业软件确实强大，尤其是对细微细节处理和压缩保存质量以及滤镜方面是最优异的。但是，其他相关软件也有专攻，有些功能相对强大。譬如，仿制功能的扩展性和便利方面，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ulead Photo Express 5 SE</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">明显要强许多。还有，前段时间我们讨论的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">nEOiMAGING[</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摩棒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">短小精悍，还有免费绿色软件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">IrfanView</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对观看</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">RAW</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">格式图片也是非常强大。图片处理软件繁多，喜欢和好用是最好的原则。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<STRONG>&nbsp; </STRONG></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG>制作</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">既复杂也简单。如果只是为了上传到网上，最基本的操作方式是，打开图像处理软件和打开需要处理的图片，先是裁减和矫正处理，然后是修补处理，再后是色彩等处理，最后是像素和文字处理。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因为没有足够的时间和精力，以上约有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字左右，只能是抛砖引玉。不妥及错误之处，敬请各位大师斧正。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">希望大家踊跃讨论，畅所欲言，交流经验和体会，以求共同提高。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">谢谢！</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">本文专为《侗族风情网》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: black">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">侗族图片</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: black">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">栏目撰写</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: black">__0709]</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"></P></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">&nbsp;</P></div>]]></description>
	    <author><![CDATA[老年初哥]]></author>
	    <comments>http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/695127772008513641093</comments>
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    <guid isPermaLink="true">http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/695127772008513641093</guid>
    <pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 18:04:10 +0800</pubDate>
    <dcterms:modified>2008-06-13T18:04:10+08:00</dcterms:modified>
  </item>    
  <item>
  	<title><![CDATA[关于人像摄影的一些问题]]></title>	
    <link>http://donggaodadao.blog.163.com/blog/static/69512777200851010252386</link>
    <description><![CDATA[<div><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">关于人像摄影的一些问题</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;所谓人像摄影，是指通过摄影的形式，在照片上用鲜明突出的形象描绘和表现被摄者相貌和神态的作品，它是被摄者影像的写真。一幅优秀的人像摄影作品，是许多成功因素的总和：神情、姿态、构图、照明、曝光、制作均要达到较高的境界，它们是由各部分组成的一个总体。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;人像摄影与一般的人物摄影不同：人像摄影以刻画与表现被摄者的具体相貌和神态为自身的首要创作任务